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The Post-Capitalist Society

A Historical Materialist Perspective

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The original intention of historical materialism was to provide a theoretical foundation for interpreting the world in order to change it. This was not an empty slogan. It had a very precise meaning. It meant that Marxism sought a particular kind of knowledge, uniquely capable of illuminating the principles of historical movement and, at least implicitly, the points at which political action could most effectively intervene… [T]he purpose was to provide a mode of analysis especially well equipped to explore the terrain on which political action must take place.

— Ellen Meiskins Wood, Democracy Against Capitalism Renewing Historical Materialism

 

This website explores the end of the capitalist system and the emergence of a new political economy from the perspective of Karl Marx’s proposition of historical materialism. It takes as its starting point Marx’s Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, written in 1859. My focus is to apply these precepts to our present day, particularly with regard to what has been termed the Fourth Industrial Revolution, or the Rise of the Robots. Marx’s insights are strikingly prescient in this context.

If you are not familiar with the Critique, you may wish to start by reading it here.

An annotated version, in which I include my comments, can be found here.

 

Other introductory posts:     What is a Society?    What Does “Post-Capitalist” Mean?

Why Historical Materialism?     Why Karl Marx?

 

 

The Historical Materialist Perspective

Basic Income: Our Birthright or A Mess of Pottage?

Basic Income: Our Birthright or A Mess of Pottage?

And Jacob sod pottage: and Esau came from the field, and he was faint: And Esau said to Jacob, Feed me, I pray thee, with that same red pottage; for I am faint... And Jacob said, Sell me this day thy birthright. And Esau said, Behold, I am at the point to die: and what profit shall this birthright do to me? And Jacob said, Swear to me this day; and he sware unto him: and he sold his birthright unto Jacob. Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentiles; and he did eat and … [Read More...]

Two Key Sentences

Understand these two key sentences from Karl Marx and you will understand the end of capitalism. Of course, I am not trying to say you could possibly understand everything Marx had to say about the end of capitalism by studying only these two sentences. Sometimes it seems one could study Marx for a lifetime and barely scratch the surface. (Grundrisse, together with the three volumes of Capital are intimidating enough, and a  project attempting to publish all of Marx and Engels' works is … [Read More...]

Friedrich Engels on Historical Materialism

Friedrich Engels on Historical Materialism

The following is excerpted from Friedrich Engels's essay, Socialism, Utopian and Scientific (1880). The full text can be found on the marxist.org website from which this excerpt was copied.   III  HISTORICAL MATERIALISM The materialist conception of history starts from the proposition that the production of the means to support human life and, next to production, the exchange of things produced, is the basis of all social structure; that in every society that has appeared in … [Read More...]

What Does “Post-Capitalist” Mean?

We cannot begin to explore the subject of post-capitalism without a clear, working definition of the word capitalism. Otherwise, how would we know that capitalism was ending? We cannot have a clear definition of capitalism unless we understand what makes the capitalist mode of production unique. So we must understand what a mode of production is and the meaning of its two elements — the means of production and the relations of production. Finally, we cannot understand the relations of … [Read More...]

Open Question for Advocates of a Universal Basic Income

Open Question for Advocates of a Universal Basic Income

This is an open question to any and all advocates of a basic income: By advancing the idea of a basic income are we seeking to enhance capitalism or supersede it? And, if we are content to preserve capitalism, how do we avoid inadvertently empowering a potentially dystopic plutocracy? I'm sure some readers will understand this concern but, for those who are unsure, what follows is a break-down of what I mean by this question, and how I came to be dogged by this concern. My question … [Read More...]

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History of Ideas

Paul Mason: PostCapitalism: A Guide to Our Future

This short video lays out Paul Mason's perspective on a post-capitalist future. I have not yet read his new book, PostCapitalism: A Guide to Our Future, but it is in my queue. Here is a link to an article written by Mason which elaborates his position: The End of Capitalism Has Begun … [Read More...]

Louis Althusser and The Absolutely Fundamental Thesis

This may prove a challenging post. The French philosopher Louis Althusser (1918-1990) considered this subject — the question of which aspect of the mode of production has primacy — to be a difficult one to posit, let alone answer. He begins his essay, On the Primacy of the Relations of Production Over the Productive Forces, (a title which obviously gives away his position), with this thought: Things must be as clear as possible when it comes to the absolutely fundamental thesis of the … [Read More...]

Joseph A. Schumpeter: Can Capitalism Survive?

Joseph A. Schumpeter: Can Capitalism Survive?

"Can capitalism survive? No. I do not think it can." So begins Joseph Schumpeter's classic essay, Can Capitalism Survive?, which constitutes the middle third of his 1942 book, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. Schumpeter goes on to say, The thesis I shall endeavor to establish is that the actual and prospective performance of the capitalist system is such as to negative the idea of its breaking down under the weight of economic failure, but that its very success undermines the social … [Read More...]

Peter Drucker: The Post-Capitalist Society

Peter Drucker: The Post-Capitalist Society

Peter Drucker's book, "Post-Capitalist Society", published in 1993, is included in this section on the history of ideas for one reason — its title. If you search the term "post-capitalist," Drucker's book is bound to come up. This may lead to some confusion. Is this website associated with the book? It is not. Drucker's book has the words "post-capitalist" and "society" in its title. That's where the similarities end. Unfortunately, there is nothing post-capitalist about Drucker's … [Read More...]

Daniel Bell: The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism

Content Coming Soon! … [Read More...]

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Something to Think About:

The growing perception that existing social institutions are unreasonable and unjust, that reason has become unreason, and right wrong, is only proof that in the modes of production and exchange changes have silently taken place with which the social order, adapted to earlier economic conditions, is no longer in keeping -

Friedrich Engels, Socialism: Utopian and Scientific

Modern bourgeois society, with its relations of production, of exchange and of property, a society that has conjured up such gigantic means of production and of exchange, is like the sorcerer who is no longer able to control the powers of the netherworld whom he has called up by his spells.

-Marx and Engels

The Sane Society

Man today is confronted with the most fundamental choice; not that between Capitalism and Communism, but that between robotism (of both the capitalist and communist variety), or Humanistic Communitarian Socialism. Most facts seem to indicate that he is choosing robotism, and that means, in the long run, insanity and destruction. But all these facts are not strong enough to destroy faith in man's reason, good will, and sanity. As long as we can think of other alternatives, we are not lost; as long as we can consult together and plan together, we can hope. But, indeed, the shadows are lengthening; the voices of insanity are becoming louder. We are in reach of achieving a state of humanity which corresponds to the vision of our great teachers; yet we are in danger of the destruction of all civilization, or of robotization.

- Erich Fromm, The Sane Society (1955)

The theories of social development in the West - those of Werner Sombart, Max Weber, Emil Lederer, Joseph Schumpeter, Raymond Aron - are, as I try to show, "dialogues" with these different schemata of Marx.

- Daniel Bell, The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting.

On Historical Materialism:

In the social production of their life, men enter into definite relations that are indispensable and independent of their will, relations of production which correspond to a definite stage of development of their material productive forces. The sum total of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society, the real foundation, on which rises a legal and political superstructure and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness... It is not the consciousness of men that determines their social being, but, on the contrary, their social being that determines their consciousness.

- Karl Marx

Or, To Put It Another Way:

Things economic and social move by their own momentum and the ensuing situations compel individuals and groups to behave in certain ways whatever they may wish to do - not indeed by destroying their freedom of choice but by shaping the choosing mentalities and by limiting the list of possibilities from which to choose. If this is the quintessence of Marxism then we have all of us got to be Marxist.

- Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy

The ideas of economists and political philosophers, both when they are right and when they are wrong, are more powerful than is commonly understood. Indeed, the world is ruled by little else. Practical men, who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual influences, are usually the slaves of some defunct economist....Soon or late, it is ideas, not vested interests, which are dangerous for good or evil.

- John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money

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  • Two Key Sentences
  • Friedrich Engels on Historical Materialism
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